The Caucasian Shepherd Dog hails from Georgia, Iran, Afghanistan, Southern Russia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. They are large dogs with huge bones and obvious muscles; they are even-tempered and generally long-lived. Genetic problems include hip dysplasia, obesity, and heart problems (although rare). Most dogs have cropped ears, although many modern dogs do not have this surgery performed.Caucasian Shepherd Dogs that are shown currently generally have long, grey coats with white marks; show dogs may not be black or black-and-tan. There is no upper height limit; the minimum height is 24.5 inches.

These dogs are assertive, brave, strong, and extremely courageous; they are very aggressive natural guard dogs and are extremely belligerent towards unfamiliar humans. They may be unmanageable unless socialized well and early; its entire family, including other pets, will be fiercely guarded by the dog. They should not be left alone with children, and will be aggressive and try to assert dominance over other dogs. Owners must be strong, calm, and balanced leaders.

The Caucasian Shepherd Dog was first shown in Germany in the 1930s. However, like many other dogs of the Molosser type, it has existed for hundreds- and probably thousands- of years.

Due to their extreme size, these dogs are not recommended for apartments. They need a large yard to run in, and can happily live outdoors, provided that it is provided with proper shelter.